An economic and statistical analysis of the 2000 NAHMS National Swine Survey data reveals that efficient use of antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention purposes is associated with improved levels of herd productivity measures, such as ADG and FCR. A farm budget analysis, conducted for a 1,020 head finishing barn, illustrates a significant contribution of antibiotic use to profits. When antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention purposes are carefully applied at optimal levels, our farm budget analysis indicates that producers gain $4,146 for each 1,020 head barn compared to no antibiotic use.