The land application of treated swine manure has been proposed to contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance, but this possibility has not been confirmed. In this work we measured antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in manure amended fields and in laboratory tests. Some of the antibiotics were found in the soil. However, no long-term increase in the level of antibiotic resistance was seen. These results suggest land application is not contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, this study only measured one type of antibiotic resistance. It is possible that resistance to a different antibiotic does increase with land application.